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Goodness of Jatropha

Advantages of Jatropha curcas seeds:

jatropha

Jatropha curcas plants are easy to establish and have a speedy growth requiring minimum care.
Jatropha curcas seeds do not need much care and very minimal input is required to sustain its growth.
It can be grown on all kinds of soil varieties including wastelands.
Jatropha curcas seeds can be planted in the harshest of desert weather and on any type of soil.
Plantation of Jatropha curcas seeds in rural areas helps in- employment generation.
They are sources of alternate energy & provide increased earnings.
Jatropha seeds can be used to increase green cover through the reclamation of wastelands and infertile lands.
Jatropha curcas seeds are highly suited to preventing soil erosion.
It does not inhibit the growth of other crops.
With a high micorrhizal value in its roots, Jatropha helps in extracting phosphates from soil.
Improves soil fertility by fallen leaves throughout their life cycle.
Other than its use as bio-diesel, it even has medicinal as well as other uses.
Generates net income for 30-35 years @ Rs.10,000/acre/year approx. from 4th year onwards.
Has rapid growth in voluminous quantities.
Has very high oil extraction potential of about 31-37%.

As a Bio-fuel, it can be used in any diesel engine without modification

Jatropha plantations provide the following advantages in addition:

Fixation of up to 10 t/ha/yr CO2 that could be internationally traded.
Production of 1 t/ ha/yr of high protein seed cake (60% crude protein) that can be potentially used as animal and fish feeds and organic matter that could be used as organic fertilizer particularly in remote areas.
Various other products from the plant (leaf, bark and seed extracts) have various other industrial and pharmaceutical uses (Heller, 1996).
Localised production and availability of quality fuel.
Restoration of degraded land over a period of time.
Rural employment generation.
Comparatively equitable benefit distribution.

Looking at Figure 1, it is tempting to state that this plant has the potential to promote farm/non-farm linkages increasing farmers’ incomes while providing employment for the poor.

Biproducts of Biofuel

Jatropha parts and possible uses

figure 01

Glycerin

glycerin

Glycerine (glycerin, glycerol) is the main by-product of making bio-diesel. The glycerine by-product burns well, but unless it is properly combusted at high temperatures it releases acrolein, which is toxic. At the bottom of the bio-diesel processor during the settling stage is a mixture of glycerine, methanol, soaps and the KOH catalyst settles down. Most of the excess methanol and most of the catalyst remains in this layer. Once separated from the bio-diesel, adding phosphoric acid to the glycerine layer precipitates the catalyst out and also converts the soaps back to free fatty acids (FFAs), which float on the top. What is left with is a light-colored precipitate on the bottom, glycerine/methanol/water in the middle, and FFA on top. The methanol is typically stripped from this stream and reused, leaving behind, what is known as crude glycerine. The glycerine will be approx. 95% pure, a much more attractive product to sell to refiners. In raw form, this crude glycerine has high salt and free fatty acid content and substantial color (yellow to dark brown). Consequently, crude glycerine doesn’t have much direct uses due to the presence of the salts and other species, and its fuel value is also marginal. Millions of tons of crude glycerine waste is generated by the biodiesel industry each year, and the amount produced is growing rapidly along with the dramatic growth of biodiesel production

Biogas using Jatropha Press- cake
Jatropha carcus (JCL) oil cake is a very good substrate for biogas production because of its high protein and mineral content. The press cake is required to be added to the cow manure with which you feed your biogas digestor. It should be mixed with the cow dung and water, as one usually does, so that it can flow easily into the digestor. Both, fresh cow dung or already fermented slurry can be used. The latter is richer is biogas bacteria. Initially small quantities of press-cake should be used, so that the bacteria can adapt themselves to the new composition of the substrate.

Lubrication

oil cakes and oil

TMW-engine factory in Germany carried out test and showed that pure Jatropha oil can be used as lubrication oil during 400 running hours in a slow turning diesel engine (Indian Lister type).

Medicinal Properties : Since botanically Jatropha is a Euphorbiaceous and very closely related to the castor plant, it also has similar properties:

Its seeds are used against constipation,
The white latex serves as a disinfectant of mouth infections of small children.
It also helps to stop bleeding.
The leaves are used against malaria.
The soap of Jatropha oil is supposed to be effective agains buttons.
The oil is used to treat some skin diseases, like neuro-dermitis.
Dark blue dye and wax can be produced from the bark of the Jatropha curcas plants
Jatropha plant stem is used as a poor quality wood.
Jatropha curcas leaves help in dressing the wound.
Jatropha roots help in making yellow dye.
Juice of the flowers of Jatropha curcas and the Jatropha stem has very good medicinal properties.
Pounded seeds are used in tanning.

Jatropha curcas extracted oil are used as :
Bio Diesel, Varnishes, Illuminants, Soap, Pest control and Medicinal for skin diseases, as purgativeThe seeds become mature when the capsule changes from green to yellow, after two to four months from fertilization. The blackish, thin shelled seeds are oblong and resemble small castor seeds.

Soap Production

jatropha soaps Following is the measure for soap production calculated for 1 litre of oil:
1l of oil, 1/2 l of water, 150 g of pure NaOH (sodium hydroxyd) dissolved in the water. During stirring the oil, the water-NaOH solution is mixed with the oil , until a creamy consistency is achieved (like mayonaise). This is poured into a form, where the soap hardens (in tropical countries over night, in Europe that may take up to a week). After hardening the soap is taken out of the form and may be cut into pieces.

Comparison

Jatropha Oil in Comparison with Diesel Fuel

	Parameter	Diesel	Jatropha Oil
	Energy content (MJ/kg	42.6 - 45.0	39.6 - 41.8
	Spec. weight (15/40 °C)	0.84 - 0.85	0.91 - 0.92
	Solidifying point (°C)	-14.0	2.0
	Flash point (°C)	80	110 – 240
	Cetane value	47.8	51.0
	Sulphur (%)	1.0 - 1.2	0.13

India is still depending on the other countries for petroleum products and roughly about two third is still imported from the other countries. The present expense on imports of petroleum products is about 30 millions dollars and this is only expected to rise in the future. Keeping in view the above figures, Bio-diesel can be a good substitute for non-renewable source of energy.

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